Conditioning is a psychological term that refers to the process of learning and modifying behavior through repeated exposure to certain stimuli or rewards. There are two main types of conditioning: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning, pioneered by psychologist Ivan Pavlov, involves pairing a neutral stimulus with a naturally occurring stimulus in order to elicit a desired response. This type of conditioning is often used to create associations between stimuli and responses, such as in the case of Pavlov's famous experiments with dogs salivating at the sound of a bell. Operant conditioning, developed by psychologist B.F. Skinner, focuses on reinforcing or punishing behavior in order to increase or decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. This type of conditioning is often used in behavioral therapy and can be seen in everyday situations such as rewarding a child for completing chores or training a pet to perform tricks. Overall, conditioning is a fundamental concept in psychology that plays a key role in shaping and modifying behavior through learned associations and consequences.