Concurrency is a research area in computer science that focuses on the ability of a computer system to perform multiple tasks or processes simultaneously. This involves managing the execution of different parts of a program, often through parallel processing or multitasking, to improve the efficiency and performance of a system. Concurrency is essential for modern computer systems to handle multiple users, inputs, and tasks concurrently without sacrificing performance or causing conflicts between processes. Research in concurrency aims to develop efficient algorithms, data structures, and programming models to enable safe and effective concurrent execution of programs.