Civil society refers to the realm of organized social life that is distinct from both the state and the market. It encompasses a wide range of voluntary organizations, associations, and groups that are formed by individuals for the purpose of advancing collective interests, promoting social justice, and participating in public decision-making processes. Research in the field of civil society explores the role and impact of these organizations in shaping democratic governance, social welfare, and community development. It examines how civil society actors mobilize resources, build coalitions, and advocate for policy change. It also investigates the relationship between civil society and other social institutions, such as government and business, and analyzes the factors that contribute to the effectiveness and sustainability of civil society organizations. Overall, research in civil society seeks to understand how these organizations contribute to a vibrant and participatory democracy, promote social cohesion, and address pressing social issues. It also aims to identify best practices and strategies for strengthening civil society and maximizing its impact on society as a whole.