Democracy is a form of government in which power is vested in the people, either directly or through elected representatives. It is characterized by principles such as equality, transparency, accountability, and participation of citizens in decision-making processes. Democracy allows for peaceful transfers of power, protection of individual rights, and the rule of law. Research in democracy focuses on understanding the functioning of democratic systems, the factors that contribute to or hinder the consolidation of democracy, and the impact of democratic governance on socio-economic development, peace, and stability. Scholars also study the challenges faced by democracies, such as populism, corruption, political polarization, and threats to freedom of speech and civil liberties.