Cartography is the study and practice of creating maps, both physical and digital, to represent geographic information in a visual and informative way. It involves the design, production, and interpretation of maps that show spatial relationships, locations, and features of the Earth's surface. Cartographers use various tools and techniques, including geographic information systems (GIS), satellite imagery, and surveying methods to collect, analyze, and present spatial data. Cartography plays a crucial role in a wide range of fields, including urban planning, environmental management, navigation, and disaster response.