Geography is the study of the Earth's physical features, climate, and human populations and their interactions. It encompasses various subfields such as physical geography, which focuses on natural landscapes and processes, and human geography, which examines the cultural, economic, and social aspects of human societies. Geographers use various tools and techniques such as remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and fieldwork to study and analyze spatial patterns and relationships at different scales. The discipline is interdisciplinary, drawing on elements of physical and social sciences to understand the complexities of the Earth's surface and its inhabitants. Areas of research in geography include land use and urban planning, environmental management, climate change, and globalization.