Carcinogenesis is the process by which normal cells transform into cancer cells. This transformation involves a series of genetic mutations and alterations that result in uncontrolled cell growth and the ability to invade surrounding tissues. Understanding the mechanisms of carcinogenesis is critical for developing effective cancer prevention and treatment strategies. Researchers study various factors that contribute to carcinogenesis, including genetic predisposition, exposure to carcinogens, inflammation, and immune response. By gaining insights into the underlying processes of carcinogenesis, scientists aim to identify potential targets for therapeutic interventions and ultimately improve outcomes for cancer patients.