1. Data analysis: Data analysis involves examining, cleaning, transforming, and interpreting data to discover insights and make informed decisions. This capability includes using statistical methods, machine learning algorithms, and data visualization techniques to analyze large datasets. 2. Experimental design: Experimental design involves planning and conducting experiments to investigate relationships between variables and test hypotheses. This capability includes designing experiments that control for confounding variables, randomizing treatment assignments, and collecting data in a systematic and reliable manner. 3. Statistical modeling: Statistical modeling involves using mathematical and statistical techniques to describe and analyze relationships between variables in data. This capability includes fitting regression models, conducting hypothesis tests, and interpreting results to make predictions and draw conclusions. 4. Machine learning: Machine learning involves developing algorithms and models that can learn from data and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed. This capability includes training and evaluating machine learning models, tuning hyperparameters, and deploying models for real-world applications. 5. Natural language processing: Natural language processing (NLP) involves developing algorithms and models that can understand and generate human language. This capability includes processing and analyzing text data, extracting information from text, and building applications such as chatbots, sentiment analysis, and language translation. 6. Image analysis: Image analysis involves developing algorithms and models that can process and analyze visual data, such as images and videos. This capability includes tasks like object detection, image classification, image segmentation, and image enhancement for applications in fields like computer vision, medical imaging, and surveillance. 7. Network analysis: Network analysis involves studying the structure, behavior, and interactions of complex systems represented as graphs or networks. This capability includes analyzing network data, identifying patterns and communities, measuring network properties, and detecting anomalies in networks for various applications like social network analysis, cybersecurity, and transportation planning.