Bosons are a class of elementary particles that follow Bose-Einstein statistics, which allows for multiple bosons to occupy the same quantum state. These particles include photons, gluons, and the W and Z bosons, among others. Bosons play a crucial role in the formation of matter and the behavior of various physical phenomena, such as superconductivity and superfluidity. They are also a key component in the study of particle physics and quantum mechanics.