An aquifer is a geologic formation that contains and transmits groundwater. These underground reservoirs are typically made up of permeable materials such as sand, gravel, or rock that can hold and allow water to flow through them. Aquifers serve as a vital source of water for human consumption, agriculture, industry, and ecosystems. They can vary in size and depth, with some extending over large areas and others confined to localized regions. Aquifers are essential for maintaining water levels in rivers, lakes, and wetlands, as well as for replenishing groundwater supplies through natural recharge processes. Studying aquifers involves understanding their characteristics, dynamics, and the factors that influence their water quality and quantity. Researchers use various methods such as drilling, monitoring wells, and geophysical surveys to investigate aquifers and better manage their resources.