Groundwater is the water that is found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand, and rock. It plays a crucial role in the water cycle and is a vital resource for drinking water, agriculture, and industry. Groundwater research focuses on understanding the movement and storage of groundwater, its availability and quality, and how it interacts with surface water and ecosystems. This research area also involves studying the impacts of human activities on groundwater, such as over-extraction, pollution, and contamination. Groundwater research helps to inform groundwater management and protection strategies to ensure the sustainable use of this valuable resource.