ANAMMOX (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) is a microbial process discovered in the 1990s that converts ammonium and nitrite to nitrogen gas under anoxic conditions. This process is carried out by a group of bacteria known as anammox bacteria, which are capable of oxidizing ammonium without the need for oxygen. ANAMMOX has significant implications for wastewater treatment, as it is a much more efficient and cost-effective method for removing nitrogen from wastewater compared to traditional methods. It has the potential to reduce energy and chemical costs, as well as greenhouse gas emissions associated with nitrogen removal. ANAMMOX processes have also been studied in natural environments such as marine sediments and wetlands. Research in the field of anammox focuses on understanding the microbial communities involved in the process, optimizing ANAMMOX reactors for wastewater treatment, and investigating the ecological significance of anammox bacteria in natural ecosystems. This research area is interdisciplinary, combining aspects of microbiology, environmental engineering, and biogeochemistry.