Aftershocks refer to smaller earthquakes that occur in the same region as a larger earthquake, following the main event. They are caused by the readjustment of the Earth's crust after the stress release from the main earthquake. Aftershocks can last for days, months, or even years after the initial event and can cause further damage to buildings and infrastructure. Studying aftershocks is important for understanding seismic activity, predicting potential hazards, and improving earthquake preparedness and response strategies. Researchers in this area use seismological data, geophysical modeling, and field studies to investigate the patterns, triggers, and impacts of aftershocks.