The research area of vulnerability refers to the study of individuals or communities that are at a heightened risk of experiencing harm or negative outcomes due to various factors such as social, economic, environmental, or individual characteristics. Researchers in this area seek to understand the underlying causes of vulnerability, identify groups or populations that are most affected, and develop interventions or policies to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience. This research can be applied to a wide range of contexts, including disaster management, public health, social welfare, and environmental justice.