Volcanology is the scientific study of volcanoes, lava, magma, and related geological phenomena. Researchers in this field study everything from the physical structures and processes of volcanoes to the hazards they pose to populations living nearby. Volcanologists use a variety of techniques, including remote sensing, geophysical monitoring, and field observations, to better understand volcanic activity and predict potential eruptions. This research is crucial for improving volcanic risk assessment and mitigation strategies, as well as for advancing our knowledge of Earth's dynamic geology.