Volcanism is the study of volcanic activity, including the eruption of magma, ash, gases, and lava from within the Earth's crust. This research area involves the study of volcanic processes, monitoring volcanic activity, and understanding the impact of volcanic eruptions on the environment, climate, and human populations. Researchers in this field investigate various aspects of volcanism, such as volcanic hazards, volcanic landforms, volcanic gases, and volcanic eruptions' effects on the Earth's surface and atmosphere. Studying volcanism is essential for predicting and managing volcanic hazards and mitigating their impact on society.