Upwelling is a natural oceanographic phenomenon in which deep, cold, nutrient-rich water is brought to the surface of the ocean, typically along coastlines. This process occurs when winds push surface water away from the shore, allowing deeper water to rise and replace it. Upwelling zones are important centers of biological productivity, as the nutrient-rich water supports the growth of phytoplankton and other marine organisms, which in turn attract larger marine life such as fish and marine mammals. Upwelling plays a crucial role in global ocean circulation and nutrient cycling, and has significant impacts on fisheries, weather patterns, and climate.