UGVs, or unmanned ground vehicles, are robotic vehicles that operate without a human driver or operator on the ground. These vehicles can be used for a variety of purposes, such as military reconnaissance, search and rescue missions, security patrol, and transportation of goods in industrial settings. UGVs are equipped with sensors, cameras, and navigation systems that allow them to navigate autonomously and perform tasks in a variety of environments. Research in this area focuses on developing advanced control algorithms, perception systems, and communication technologies to enhance the capabilities of UGVs and make them more efficient and reliable in different applications.