Time-varying research refers to the study of phenomena or variables that change or evolve over time. This research area examines how specific factors or properties of a system, process, or relationship change or fluctuate across different time periods. Researchers in this field often use methods such as time series analysis, longitudinal studies, and dynamic modeling to analyze and understand the dynamics and patterns of change over time. Time-varying research is commonly applied in various disciplines such as economics, sociology, psychology, and engineering to explore trends, relationships, and predictive patterns in dynamic systems.