Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a management philosophy that focuses on identifying and alleviating constraints that limit an organization's ability to achieve its goals. Developed by Eliyahu Goldratt in the 1980s, TOC posits that every system has a constraint or bottleneck that hinders its efficiency and effectiveness. By identifying and addressing these constraints, organizations can improve their overall performance and achieve their objectives more effectively. TOC advocates for a holistic approach to problem-solving and emphasizes the importance of continuous improvement and maximizing the throughput of the system.