Terpenes are a diverse class of organic compounds found in plants and some insects that are responsible for the characteristic flavors and aromas of many fruits, flowers, and herbs. They are produced by a wide variety of plants and are thought to play a role in attracting pollinators, repelling herbivores, and protecting against pathogens. Terpenes have also been found to have a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-cancer properties. Research on terpenes is focused on understanding their biosynthesis, ecological functions, and potential medical applications.