Surveillance is the systematic monitoring and observation of individuals, groups, or activities for the purpose of maintaining security, gathering intelligence, or preventing crime. This research area typically focuses on understanding the various methods, tools, and technologies used for surveillance, as well as the ethical, legal, and social implications of surveillance practices. Researchers may investigate topics such as surveillance technologies (e.g. CCTV cameras, facial recognition software), privacy concerns, data collection and analysis, and the impact of surveillance on individuals and society as a whole. Overall, the goal of surveillance research is to better understand how surveillance is used, its effects, and how to balance security needs with privacy rights.