Surfaces in the field of research refer to the study of the characteristics and properties of objects that define their boundary or outer layer. This can include the physical and chemical properties of surfaces, as well as how they interact with their environment. Research in this area often involves examining the structure, composition, and reactivity of surfaces, and exploring how these factors influence the behavior of materials. Applications of surface research can be found in a wide range of fields, including materials science, chemistry, physics, and engineering. Understanding surfaces is crucial for developing new technologies, improving the performance of materials, and optimizing processes in various industries.