Subsurface research involves studying the area below the Earth's surface, which can include soil, rocks, groundwater, and other geological materials. This research area often focuses on understanding the physical and chemical properties of these subsurface materials, as well as how they interact with one another and with human activities. Researchers in this field may use techniques such as drilling, geophysical surveys, and laboratory analysis to investigate subsurface processes and phenomena. Subsurface research is important for a variety of disciplines, including geology, environmental science, and engineering, as it can provide valuable insights into natural resource management, environmental contamination, and geological hazards.