Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are variations in a single nucleotide base at a specific position in the genome. They are the most common type of genetic variation among individuals and can have a wide range of effects on traits and diseases. SNPs are known to play a crucial role in understanding the genetic basis of complex traits and diseases, as well as in personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics. Researchers study SNPs to identify genetic variants associated with certain traits or diseases, track the inheritance of genes, and understand the evolutionary history of populations. SNPs are typically analyzed using high-throughput genotyping technologies and bioinformatics tools to identify patterns and associations between genetic variations and specific traits or diseases.