Self-organization is a research area that focuses on understanding how complex systems can spontaneously organize themselves without the need for external control or direction. This phenomenon can be seen in various natural systems, such as the formation of patterns in sand dunes, the flocking behavior of birds, or the synchronization of firefly flashes. Researchers in this field study the underlying principles and mechanisms that drive self-organization in order to better understand how it can be harnessed and applied in various fields, such as biology, physics, sociology, and engineering. By studying self-organization, researchers aim to uncover new insights into the emergence of order and structure in complex systems.