1. Data collection: Involves gathering relevant information or data from various sources, such as surveys, interviews, observations, or existing databases. 2. Data analysis: Entails organizing and examining the collected data to identify patterns, trends, and relationships. This may involve statistical analysis, qualitative coding, or other techniques. 3. Literature review: Involves reviewing existing research studies, articles, and other relevant literature to understand the current state of knowledge on a particular topic. 4. Hypothesis testing: Involves formulating a testable hypothesis based on the research question and data, conducting experiments or analyses to test the hypothesis, and interpreting the results. 5. Interpretation and synthesis: Requires interpreting the findings of the research and synthesizing them into a coherent narrative or argument that addresses the research question. 6. Writing and dissemination: Involves writing up the research findings in a clear and structured manner, and disseminating them through academic publications, presentations, or other channels to share the research with others in the field.