Preoperative research refers to studies conducted before a surgical procedure to assess the risks, benefits, and potential outcomes of the surgery. This research typically involves evaluating a patient's medical history, current health status, and any relevant pre-existing conditions to determine the best course of action for the surgery. Preoperative research can also involve conducting tests or screenings to ensure that the patient is in optimal condition for the surgery and to identify any potential complications that may arise during or after the procedure. The goal of preoperative research is to improve the safety and success of surgical procedures by providing healthcare providers with comprehensive information and insights into the patient's health status prior to surgery.