Prematurity refers to the condition in which a baby is born before 37 weeks of gestation. It is a major public health issue worldwide, affecting approximately 10% of all births. Premature birth can result in a range of health problems for the baby, including respiratory distress, infection, feeding difficulties, and developmental delays. Preterm infants may also face long-term challenges such as cognitive impairments and chronic health conditions. Research in the area of prematurity focuses on understanding the causes of preterm birth, improving the care and outcomes of premature infants, and developing strategies for preventing preterm birth. This research is critical for reducing the impact of prematurity on the health and well-being of infants and their families.