Polymorphisms refer to variations in the DNA sequence that occur in a population. These variations can be single nucleotide changes (SNPs), insertions, deletions, or rearrangements of larger DNA segments. Polymorphisms can impact gene function, protein structure, and ultimately phenotype. They are important in understanding genetic diversity, disease susceptibility, drug response, and other biological processes. Researchers often investigate polymorphisms through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and other genetic analyses to uncover their role in various traits and diseases.