Photovoltaic research focuses on the development and improvement of solar cells that convert sunlight into electricity. This area of research seeks to increase the efficiency of solar cells, reduce manufacturing costs, and optimize the use of renewable energy sources. Photovoltaic technologies have the potential to play a significant role in the transition to sustainable energy systems by providing clean and renewable electricity for various applications. Researchers in this field explore new materials and designs for solar cells, as well as methods for integrating solar power into existing energy grids.