Perioperative care refers to the comprehensive care provided to patients before, during, and after a surgical procedure. This includes the assessment and preparation of the patient prior to surgery, monitoring and managing the patient's condition during the procedure, and providing post-operative care to ensure a smooth recovery. Perioperative care aims to optimize the patient's outcomes and minimize the risk of complications during and after surgery. This area of research focuses on improving the safety, efficiency, and quality of care for surgical patients through evidence-based practices and protocols. Key components of perioperative care include preoperative assessment, intraoperative management, anesthesia, pain management, and post-operative follow-up.