Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density, leading to an increased risk of fractures. It is most commonly seen in older adults, particularly postmenopausal women, but can also occur in men and younger individuals. Risk factors for developing osteoporosis include a lack of calcium and vitamin D in the diet, a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain medical conditions or medications. Research in osteoporosis focuses on understanding the underlying mechanisms of bone loss, developing better methods for diagnosing the disease, and finding effective treatments to prevent fractures and improve bone health. This includes studies on the role of hormones, genetics, and lifestyle factors in bone health, as well as clinical trials testing new medications and therapies for osteoporosis. Additionally, researchers are investigating ways to prevent osteoporosis through diet, exercise, and lifestyle modifications.