Olivine is a common mineral found in the Earth's mantle and is composed of iron, magnesium, and silicate. It is a key component of many igneous rocks such as basalt and peridotite. Olivine has been studied extensively in the field of geology and petrology for its role in the formation of rocks and its significance in understanding the Earth's lithosphere and mantle dynamics. Researchers study the properties of olivine, its crystal structure, and its behavior under extreme conditions to better understand the composition and evolution of the Earth's interior. Studies on olivine also have applications in the fields of geophysics, planetary science, and mineralogy.