The research area of montane ecosystems focuses on the study of ecological communities and environmental conditions found in mountainous regions. Montane ecosystems are characterized by unique species compositions, habitat types, and environmental gradients due to the steep topography and high altitude of these areas. Researchers in this field study the interactions between plants, animals, and abiotic factors such as climate, soil, and geology in montane regions to understand how these ecosystems function and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, studies in montane ecosystems often explore the impacts of human activities such as deforestation, grazing, and climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem services in these critical habitats.