Mergers refer to the process by which two or more independent companies combine to form a single entity. This can occur through various means, such as a stock swap, cash payment, or a combination of both. Mergers are typically pursued for reasons such as gaining market share, expanding capabilities, achieving economies of scale, or entering new markets. The success of a merger often depends on how well the companies' cultures, operations, and strategies align. Additionally, mergers are subject to regulatory approval to ensure they do not result in anti-competitive behavior or harm consumers.