Integrated photonics is a research area that focuses on the development and implementation of photonic devices and systems on a chip-scale platform. By integrating various optical components, such as lasers, modulators, waveguides, and detectors, onto a single substrate, integrated photonics aims to miniaturize and improve the performance of optical communication, sensing, and computing systems. This approach offers benefits such as reduced power consumption, increased data transmission speeds, and enhanced system reliability. Integrated photonics has applications in a wide range of fields, including telecommunications, biomedical imaging, environmental monitoring, and quantum information processing.