Inoculants are substances containing beneficial microorganisms that are applied to seeds, soil, or plants to enhance growth and improve plant health. These microorganisms can include bacteria, fungi, or other microbes that help fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, solubilize nutrients, or protect plants from pathogens. Inoculants are commonly used in agriculture to improve crop yields, reduce the need for chemical fertilizers, and promote sustainable farming practices. Research in this area focuses on identifying and developing effective inoculants, understanding their mechanisms of action, and optimizing their application in different agricultural systems.