Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, leading to a decrease in the purchasing power of a currency. It is typically measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) or the Producer Price Index (PPI), which track price changes in a basket of goods and services over time. Inflation can have a significant impact on an economy, leading to higher costs for consumers, reduced savings, and potentially distorting investment decisions. Central banks often aim to maintain low and stable inflation rates through monetary policy tools such as interest rate adjustments. Research in the field of inflation focuses on understanding the causes and consequences of inflation, as well as developing predictive models and policy recommendations to manage inflation effectively.