Industrialization is the process by which an economy shifts from primarily agricultural and rural to one based primarily on manufacturing and urban development. This transformation typically involves the introduction of advanced technology, increased production efficiency, and the creation of new job opportunities in factories and industrial centers. Industrialization has been a key driver of economic growth and development in many countries throughout history, leading to significant societal changes in areas such as infrastructure, labor practices, and social structure. However, industrialization also raises concerns about environmental pollution, resource depletion, and income inequality.