Hypoxemia refers to a condition where there is a decrease in the oxygen levels in the blood, leading to inadequate oxygen supply to tissues and organs in the body. This can be caused by various factors such as respiratory conditions, heart diseases, high altitudes, or other medical conditions. Hypoxemia can have serious consequences on a person's health and can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, confusion, and even organ damage if not treated promptly. Research in this area focuses on understanding the causes, effects, and management of hypoxemia to improve treatment and patient outcomes.