HLA, or human leukocyte antigen, is a group of genes that encode proteins essential for the immune system to recognize foreign substances and distinguish them from the body's own tissues. These proteins play a crucial role in determining the compatibility of tissues for transplantation and in regulating immune responses. Research in the field of HLA focuses on understanding the genetic diversity of these genes, their role in various diseases, and their impact on transplantation outcomes. By studying HLA genes, researchers aim to improve the success rates of organ and tissue transplants, develop personalized therapies for autoimmune disorders, and gain insights into the mechanisms of immune responses.