Heart disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the heart, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias. It is a leading cause of death worldwide, with risk factors including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle. Research in the area of heart disease focuses on understanding its causes, developing effective treatments, and improving prevention strategies. This includes studying risk factors, genetics, diet, exercise, medication, and surgical interventions to improve heart health and reduce the burden of heart disease on individuals and society.