Health disparities refer to differences in health outcomes and access to healthcare that exist among different population groups based on factors such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, geographic location, gender, and sexual orientation. These disparities can result in certain groups experiencing higher rates of disease, lower life expectancies, and reduced access to quality healthcare services compared to other groups. Researchers in this area seek to identify the root causes of these disparities and develop strategies to reduce them, ultimately working towards achieving health equity for all individuals. Factors contributing to health disparities can include discrimination, social determinants of health, systemic barriers, and lack of access to resources. Addressing health disparities is crucial for improving overall health outcomes and reducing healthcare inequities in society.