Ground-based research refers to scientific studies that are conducted on the Earth's surface or within close proximity to it, as opposed to research conducted in space or in other distant locations. This type of research typically involves observations, measurements, and experiments carried out at ground-based facilities such as laboratories, observatories, or field sites. Ground-based research is essential for studying a wide range of natural phenomena, including the Earth's atmosphere, geology, ecosystems, and weather patterns. It also plays a crucial role in monitoring and understanding various environmental and climate-related issues.