The glycocalyx is a layer of glycoproteins and polysaccharides that coats the surface of cells, particularly endothelial cells lining blood vessels. It plays a crucial role in cell-cell communication, regulation of immune responses, and protection of cells from various stresses. Research in this area focuses on understanding the composition, structure, and function of the glycocalyx, as well as its role in various physiological and pathological processes, such as inflammation, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Scientists are also studying potential therapeutic strategies targeting the glycocalyx to treat or prevent various diseases.