Globalization refers to the interconnectedness and interdependence of economies, cultures, and societies on a global scale. It involves the increasing flow of goods, services, people, information, and ideas across national borders, facilitated by advancements in technology, communication, and transportation. Globalization has led to the integration of markets, the spread of multinational corporations, cultural exchange, and the development of global institutions and networks. Critics of globalization argue that it can lead to economic inequality, exploitation of workers, and cultural homogenization, while proponents see it as a driver of economic growth, innovation, and cultural diversity.