Excavations refer to the process of systematically uncovering and examining archaeological sites in order to retrieve artifacts and information about past human activity. This involves carefully removing layers of soil and debris to uncover structures, tools, pottery, and other objects that can help researchers understand the history and cultural practices of ancient civilizations. Excavations are often conducted by teams of archaeologists, who use a variety of tools and techniques to uncover, document, and analyze the materials found at a site. This research area plays a crucial role in advancing our knowledge of human history and understanding how societies have evolved over time.