Exacerbations refer to acute worsening or flare-ups of symptoms in various chronic diseases or conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and multiple sclerosis. These events can be triggered by various factors such as infections, environmental pollutants, or stress, leading to symptoms such as increased coughing, shortness of breath, fatigue, and decreased lung function. Managing exacerbations effectively is crucial in preventing long-term complications and improving the quality of life for individuals with chronic diseases. Research in this area focuses on understanding the triggers and mechanisms of exacerbations, developing strategies for early detection and prevention, and improving treatment options to effectively manage these acute worsening episodes.