Epoch refers to a specific period of time within a larger historical or geological timeline. In the context of research, an epoch can refer to a distinct phase or era within a particular field of study. Researchers may use epochs to segment and analyze data over time, track trends or patterns, and understand shifts in thought or practice within their discipline. By studying epochs, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the evolution and development of their field, as well as make predictions about future trends and advancements.